ABSTRACT
Background: The main trigger for Parkinson's disease is a mutated version of a protein called alpha-synuclein.This protein accumulates in dopamine-producing neurons. COVID-19 can increase the risk of Parkinson's and other neurological diseases. Methods:This review study was conducted by the library method. Results: The results showed that the virus can cause neuroinflammation, which, as a predisposing event, predisposes the brain to overreaction to subsequent neurological events. This secondary neurological event can be anything from another viral infection to poisoning and even aging. A secondary neurological event triggers an abnormal brain response that leads to nerve degeneration and eventually Parkinson's disease. The results show that the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a neurotropic virus can enter brain tissue. Conclusion: Therefore, the virus certainly has the potential to act as a predisposing event in increasing the risk of Parkinson's disease.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a crucial health problem worldwide. Continued and high-speed mutations of this virus result in the appearance of new manifestations, making the control of this disease difficult. It has been shown that well-nourished patients have strong immune systems who mostly have short-term hospitalization compared to others. The purpose of this study is to review the major nutrients involved in the immune system reinforcement and to explain nutritional aspects during the recovery of COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach: In this review paper, the mechanistic role of nutrients in boosting the immune system and the nutritional aspects during the recovery of COVID-19 patients were discussed. Papers indexed in scientific databases were searched using antioxidants, COVID-19, inflammation, immune system, macronutrient, micronutrient and probiotic as keywords from 2000 to 2022. Findings: Because of the adverse effects of drugs like thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and hypercholesterolemia, a balanced diet with enough concentrations of energy and macronutrients could increase the patient's durability. The inflammatory cytokines in a vicious cycle delay patients’ rehabilitation. The main mechanistic roles of micronutrients are attributed to the downregulation of virus replication and are involved in energy homeostasis. Dysbiosis is defined as another disturbance among COVID-19 patients, and supplementation with beneficial strains of probiotics helps to exert anti-inflammatory effects in this regard. Being on a well-planned diet with anti-inflammatory properties could reverse cytokine storms as the major feature of COVID-19. Future studies are needed to determine the safe and effective dose of dietary factors to control the COVID-19 patients. Originality/value: Being on a well-planned diet with anti-inflammatory properties could reverse cytokine storms as the major feature of COVID-19. Future studies are needed to determine the safe and effective dose of dietary factors to control the COVID-19 patients. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.